Background Information
CIDR Inserts:
Controlled internal drug release (CIDR®) inserts, first produced in 1981 in New Zealand, now used internationally, and is currently being sold in 24 countries, such as Canada and Japan. (Wheaton et al., 1993; Greening & Hafs, 2001). These inserts are used for numerous livestock, including beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep and goats (Bó & Baruselli, 2014; Rudolph et al., 2011; Wheaton et al., 1993). CIDR ® devices are composed of the natural hormone progesterone (C21H30O2) (CIDR® 1380, 2016). Veterinarians, as well as farmers, tend to favour this veterinary product as they are dependable hormone release process and can be repeatedly used (Macmillan & Peterson, 1993). The inserts are entrapped by and molded with a silicone layer, with an attached flexible nylon spine. (CIDR® 1380, 2016).
CIDR ® 1380 and CIDR ® 330:
Produced in Canada, CIDR ®1380 and CIDR® 330, designed for cattle and sheep, respectively, are two varieties of CIDR® inserts (CIDR® 1380 2016; CIDR®330). Both are composed of progesterone, but vary in the amount; CIDR ® 1380 contains 1.38 grams, while CIDR ® 330 0. 35 grams of progesterone. (CIDR® 1380, 2016). Although the masses of progesterone differ, both have similar impacts in its designated species. They allow for greater control over reproductive cycles in both cattle and sheep, through synchronization of estrus cycles as well activating estrus cycles (Robinson, 2016).
CIDR ® 1380:
Designed for lactating, suckled, or replacement cattle, whether beef or dairy (CIDR ® 1380, 2016). Within bovines, CIDR ® inserts have been found to increase both conception rate and embryo survival (El-Zarkouny et al., 2004). Additionally, through the study of the response of a Korean cattle herd to these inserts, it was determined that the supplements cause an increase in ovulation response, superovulation (Son et al., 2007; Robinson, 2016).CIDR ® are sold both individual or in packages containing ten inserts, with a price of around $20.00 and $208.70 respectively (Dundas Animal Hospital (DAH), 2016; Robinson, 2016).
CIDR ® 330:
CIDR ® 330 inserts are designed for ewes, female sheep. (CIDR®330, 2016). The majority of a group of ewes, treated with simultaneously gave birth within six days of each other (Wheaton et al., 1993). While a flock of sheep, not treated with controlled internal drug release devices, lambed within a sixteen day period of each other. (Wheaton et al., 1993). Similar to 1380, these inserts are sold both individual, $6.70, or in a package; however, the package contains twenty inserts, $142.70 (DAH, 2016).
Controlled internal drug release (CIDR®) inserts, first produced in 1981 in New Zealand, now used internationally, and is currently being sold in 24 countries, such as Canada and Japan. (Wheaton et al., 1993; Greening & Hafs, 2001). These inserts are used for numerous livestock, including beef cattle, dairy cattle, sheep and goats (Bó & Baruselli, 2014; Rudolph et al., 2011; Wheaton et al., 1993). CIDR ® devices are composed of the natural hormone progesterone (C21H30O2) (CIDR® 1380, 2016). Veterinarians, as well as farmers, tend to favour this veterinary product as they are dependable hormone release process and can be repeatedly used (Macmillan & Peterson, 1993). The inserts are entrapped by and molded with a silicone layer, with an attached flexible nylon spine. (CIDR® 1380, 2016).
CIDR ® 1380 and CIDR ® 330:
Produced in Canada, CIDR ®1380 and CIDR® 330, designed for cattle and sheep, respectively, are two varieties of CIDR® inserts (CIDR® 1380 2016; CIDR®330). Both are composed of progesterone, but vary in the amount; CIDR ® 1380 contains 1.38 grams, while CIDR ® 330 0. 35 grams of progesterone. (CIDR® 1380, 2016). Although the masses of progesterone differ, both have similar impacts in its designated species. They allow for greater control over reproductive cycles in both cattle and sheep, through synchronization of estrus cycles as well activating estrus cycles (Robinson, 2016).
CIDR ® 1380:
Designed for lactating, suckled, or replacement cattle, whether beef or dairy (CIDR ® 1380, 2016). Within bovines, CIDR ® inserts have been found to increase both conception rate and embryo survival (El-Zarkouny et al., 2004). Additionally, through the study of the response of a Korean cattle herd to these inserts, it was determined that the supplements cause an increase in ovulation response, superovulation (Son et al., 2007; Robinson, 2016).CIDR ® are sold both individual or in packages containing ten inserts, with a price of around $20.00 and $208.70 respectively (Dundas Animal Hospital (DAH), 2016; Robinson, 2016).
CIDR ® 330:
CIDR ® 330 inserts are designed for ewes, female sheep. (CIDR®330, 2016). The majority of a group of ewes, treated with simultaneously gave birth within six days of each other (Wheaton et al., 1993). While a flock of sheep, not treated with controlled internal drug release devices, lambed within a sixteen day period of each other. (Wheaton et al., 1993). Similar to 1380, these inserts are sold both individual, $6.70, or in a package; however, the package contains twenty inserts, $142.70 (DAH, 2016).
How do the Inserts Work?
While the insert is inside the reproductive tract, the progesterone is gradually absorbed through the vaginal lining, causing an increase in progesterone levels (Hall et al., 2005). Upon removal, progesterone levels decrease to levels almost indictable, causing the animal’s endocrine system to initiate production of other estrus hormones, primarily estrogen and luteinizing hormone. These hormones are linked to the commencement of ovulation. The body’s production of these hormones was suppressed by progesterone, as it is not until the progesterone levels are very low, that estrogen levels begin to rise (Henricks et al., 1971). Through the constant supply of progesterone provided by these inserts, synchronization of the herd or flock’s estrus cycle becomes possible.
For references, refer to full report
Picture References:
Figure 1:
Eazi-Breed CIDR for Cattle (n.d.). PBS Animal Health. Dairy Health USA. Retrieved from
http://www.pbsanimalhealth.com/details/Eazi-Breed-CIDR-for-Cattle/365-1421.html
Figure 2:
Dairy Cattle Reproduction. (n.d.). Holstein Foundation. Retrieved from
http://www.holsteinfoundation.org/pdf_doc/workbooks/Dairy_Cattle_Reproduction.pdf
Figure 1:
Eazi-Breed CIDR for Cattle (n.d.). PBS Animal Health. Dairy Health USA. Retrieved from
http://www.pbsanimalhealth.com/details/Eazi-Breed-CIDR-for-Cattle/365-1421.html
Figure 2:
Dairy Cattle Reproduction. (n.d.). Holstein Foundation. Retrieved from
http://www.holsteinfoundation.org/pdf_doc/workbooks/Dairy_Cattle_Reproduction.pdf